This year will mark 15 years since the breakup of the Soviet Union, a dramatic event whose aftermath will determine the course of world history for a long time.
Chaos, as a general rule, occurs in the most authoritarian overcentralized states, in which the breakdown of central authority causes the collapse of local authority. This pattern is observed in the early 20th century both in the Russian and Chinese Empires; the juggernaut of state administration weakens and literally falls to pieces.
The Portuguese Empire emerged as a means of asserting national will and occupied an important place in the minds of the people. Longing for the gardens of a mythological Eden suppressed their ability to tackle problems bravely and wittingly, or to make use of new opportunities.
Throughout Russia’s history, its primary goal and geopolitical strategy has been centered around the idea of "gathering together lands." The historic colonizing potential of the Russian nation had a solid backing in the form of its birthrates. Now Russia should focus on the change of its geopolitical strategy to "gathering together peoples."
The disintegration of the Soviet Union undermined the traditional self-identity and introduced primitive (archaic) perceptions and mechanisms of ethnic solidarity based on separation and alienation.
The problem of unrecognized states is often reduced to the formal, legal format. But unrecognized states as a phenomenon cannot be studied and understood exclusively in terms of formal jurisprudence. The very creation of those entities are facts of emotional, symbolic, social and cultural nature.
The alienation of the North Caucasus and the subsequent reshaping of borders would mean that a country named Russia in its present form would cease to exist. This tough prognosis of the foreseeable future will occur as inevitably as a cyclical natural phenomenon if we allow the current tendencies to develop according to their natural logic.
Central Asia has been recently described, despite its myriad problems, as a region of political stability. Experts believed that the Central Asian governments would ensure a relatively calm development inside their countries for at least five to seven years. However, given the developments in the post-Soviet space in the last two years, the analysts have been forced to amend their forecasts.
Officials from Russia and Belarus make flamboyant claims about the alleged success of ongoing “close” integration between the two countries. However, the year 2005 vividly demonstrated that in reality the economies have been diverging, thus causing Belarus to noticeably depart from Russia.
Russia’s standing in the world is in great part contingent on its rich mineral resources. Successful participation in the international division of labor presupposes effective use of this advantage, although it should not be confined to this.
There seem to be no good reasons for maintaining the death penalty. After all, a good life is not born of fear and no conscientious scholar would claim that a reduction in crime is directly related to the executor’s activity.
Persistence of the followers of Imam Khomeini transforms Iran gradually into a Shiite Persian empire. Paradoxically, the Islamic revolutionaries, who overthrew the Shah and abrogated all the institutions of monarchy, are acting out the Shah’s dream of making Iran a regional superpower, the center of a great civilization, which Mohammed Reza Pahlavi wrote about.
We all are entering a new era in which the Europeans may peacefully live in their united Europe, and the Americans may build their beloved America according to their own projects. But this will be possible only if America and Europe let the rest of the world follow the path of genuine globalization, that is, let each nation and people follow its own course.
There was great hope during the brief euphoria in 1989/90 that the end of the Cold War would herald the beginning of a new era of widely enjoyed improvements in economic welfare, prosperity and peace achieved through greater harmony of interests and cooperation within and between countries.
The trial of Hussein who claimed to
be a ruler, who could do essentially anything and whose rule was arbitrary, was to bring him to the law, before the court, but to respect all of the civilized procedural rules.
It is a question of paramount historical and contemporary political importance whether a military empire is a normal form of existence for Russia. Or, on the contrary, has such a model finally become obsolete after twice bringing this great country to collapse?
Naturally, the Russian Federation cannot be compared with the Soviet Union, which played a much more significant role in world politics. But there are shortsighted politicians in the U.S. who have excluded Russia from the list of great powers and underestimate the dynamics of its development.
When the Baltic countries entered NATO and the European Union a couple of years ago, many thought it was the end of the centuries-old "red line." Euro-Atlantic organizations had crossed into the former Russian and Soviet empires.
In September 2004, the Russian city of Novgorod hosted an international conference entitled Russia at the Turn of the Century: Hopes and Reality. Its organizers were the RIA Novosti news agency, the Council on Foreign and Defense Policy, Russia in Global Affairs, and The Moscow Times.