The recent presidential election in Russia demonstrated convincingly that society is firmly behind the country’s political leadership. An overwhelming majority of voters expressed confidence in, and support for, the domestic and foreign policy pursued by the government under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin. Over the past few difficult years, Russia has managed to achieve two vitally important and closely related foreign policy goals: ensuring the country’s security in an increasingly troubled world and preserving national sovereignty and independence in the adoption of important international decisions.
Failure to ensure national security and sovereignty could have jeopardized all the key targets of Russia’s internal development. The next six years are expected to bring active developments in the main spheres of Russia’s foreign policy, with due account of both the emerging opportunities and the new challenges facing the country.
During his election campaign, Putin repeatedly spoke about the need to make decisive breakthroughs in Russia’s social, economic and technological development. Indeed, the absence of such achievements would put Russia behind most developed countries, and in the long term, Russia might find itself on the outside of the new global economic system that is emerging before our very eyes. This new breakthrough must necessarily be rooted in Russia’s own resources, in the enormous potential the country wields – potential that has not yet been used to its fullest.
However, the value of external resources should also be taken into account. The experience of recent decades has demonstrated that not a single successful national modernization project implemented in Europe, Asia or Latin America has been achieved without the active use of external resources — through expanding trade and economic relations, attracting new investments and technologies, borrowing the best management practices, and integrating the country into global technological chains.
But let us be realistic here: the world does not want to see a strong, economically and technologically successful Russia. Russia will have to carve its own niche in the highly competitive world of the future. It is a struggle that will not always be fair, as we have seen on multiple occasions over recent decades. However, giving up on this fight and hiding from the world behind a wall of protectionism and isolationism would be tantamount to throwing in the towel before the fight has even begun.
And this is precisely what Russia is being prompted to do by its numerous opponents and adversaries. They want to lock the country up in a geopolitical ghetto, isolate it as much as possible from the rest of the world. And they have various means for trying to do this. Economically, by imposing numerous sanctions and other restrictive measures related to trade, finance and the transfer of modern technologies. Politically, by attempting to drive Russia into a corner in international organizations, from the UN General Assembly to the Council of Europe. And strategically, by undermining the very foundation of the international arms control regime, destroying the bilateral and multilateral talks and pushing Moscow towards strategic isolationism and a new arms race.
There is nothing arbitrary about the timing of the decision to apply greater pressure on Russia, as it is intended to last for decades to come. After all, the foundations of the future world order are being laid today; the new models of global politics and economics are being tested; and the rules of the game are being developed and coordinated for the foreseeable future, up to the second half of the 21st century. The fewer strong participants in this process, the greater the chance of imposing the winner’s vision and values on the others. This is why Russia will have to employ all methods at its disposal to win a place at the future bargaining table. This, in fact, should be the main content of the country’s foreign policy strategy over the next political cycle.
The struggle for a rightful place at the negotiation table of the future world order does not consist of elbowing opponents out of the way, nor does it involve shouting them down in fierce propaganda battles. On the contrary, the struggle must be conducted skilfully, using the entire set of diplomatic tools and taking the smallest nuances and features of the situation as it develops into account. We are talking about a course that might be identified as a “smart” foreign policy.
A smart policy does not mean weak, opportunistic or timeserving. Rather, it means a policy which, based on a deep understanding of the strategic objectives of the country’s development and the actual state of affairs in the world, maximally uses all the capacities available to secure the goals set, with minimum use of resources. This policy requires a high level of flexibility, ingenuity and resourcefulness in using a wide variety of foreign policy instruments.
Russia’s foreign policy will be effective if it is truly multi-vectored. The country has achieved much in the eastern vector of its politics in recent years, particularly with regard to the development of Russia–China relations. Nevertheless, we are only starting to find our feet in Asia, which is far from ready to perceive Russia as an integral part of the continent.
At the same time, Russia will have to make every effort to restore relations with the European Union, which, despite serious travails, has demonstrated far greater stability than expected. We often criticize the EU leadership for its selective approach in its relations with Russia, resulting from the so-called “Five Guiding Principles” presented by EU High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini. But does Russia have its own list of principles for relations with the European Union? Or a realistic vision of the future European security architecture? We should not forget that the European Union remains Russia’s primary trade partner, and that the situation will hardly change in the next six years.
Despite the complexity and the seeming impossibility of constructive communication with the United States, Russia must nevertheless push on with attempts to resume dialogue, for the simple reason that U.S.–Russia cooperation is needed in order to resolve a whole series of problems in modern global politics, from the fight against international terrorism to countering nuclear proliferation; from the Middle Eastern settlement to the possible Korean peace deal. Of course, the United States today appears to be an unaccommodating and unpredictable partner, but Russia must seek to negotiate with Washington wherever the opportunity presents itself.
The tasks facing Russia’s foreign policy at the beginning of this new political cycle are no less complex than those the country has faced over the past few years. In a way, they are even more complex and unfamiliar for Russia. Yet, these tasks will have be solved in an international political environment – an environment that has, unfortunately, grown more and more precarious in recent years.
Let us not forget, however, that compared to most other powers (especially our opponents and adversaries in the West), Russia has a number of undeniable advantages. Western societies are split and polarized, whereas Russian society is consolidated and united. The foreign policies of Western countries are inconsistent and fickle, whereas Russian foreign policy is stable and consistent. And Western leaders normally cannot afford the luxury of long-term political planning, but Russia can.
The main thing is that our principles, intentions and objectives are shared by a significant majority of the global political players. This means that Russia can count on the formation of a global coalition of powers interested in the creation of a more democratic, more just and more stable world order.
First published in The Moscow Times
