Russia in Global Affairs

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RSCI Scopus

No. 4

2026 October/December

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Contents

Issue Information

An Exception, Not the Rule

Fyodor A. Lukyanov

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-5-8

HARNESSING DISORDERS

The Global Energy Order – 2040: Contours of an Emerging System

Shamil M. Yenikeyeff

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-10-41

A New European Order, or Progressive Eurosclerosis?

Dmitry V. Yefremenko

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-42-60

THE MANY FACES OF DIPLOMACY

Diplomacy of Inequality and Imbalance

Ivan A. Safranchuk

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-62-71

Trump and Erdoğan: Pragmatic Partnership and a New Architecture of Türkiye-U.S. Relations

Pavel V. Shlykov

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-72-95

What the Iturup Shock Means for Asia

Georgy D. Toloraya

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-96-102

ARMED AND READY?

Nuclear Weapons + AI: The Mathematics of Fatal Inevitability

Alexandr Ye. Malkov

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-104-119

Russian Arms Exports Before and After the Special Military Operation

Andrei L. Frolov

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-120-132

The Persian Gulf: Seven More Lessons

Ivan N. Timofeev

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-133-136

IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER

Why China Frightens: Beyond the Realm of Western Political Forms

Svyatoslav I. Kaspe

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-138-167

The Disaster of Abandoning Socialism: North Korean Discourse on Perestroika and Post-Soviet Reform

Tatiana V. Gabroussenko

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-168-193

Russia’s Identity Formation in the Mirror of Trump’s America

Andrei P. Tsygankov

DOI: 10.31278/1810-6374-2026-24-4-194-205

Articles

An Exception, Not the Rule

The West must be made to understand that the Soviet collapse was a tragic but isolated and unique episode. Russia’s adversaries will not receive any gifts like they did in the late 1980s and early 1990s.

Fyodor A. Lukyanov

The Global Energy Order – 2040: Contours of an Emerging System

Technology alone will not determine the global energy order of 2040: many of the necessary technologies already exist, while others may emerge in the foreseeable future. The order will be shaped by political decisions made today.

Shamil M. Yenikeyeff

A New European Order, or Progressive Eurosclerosis?

Europe’s accelerated militarization seriously threatens Russia, and must be addressed immediately. Current Russo-European relations amount to a state of deep hostility, in which each side seeks to identify and exploit the other’s vulnerabilities, while keeping away from brink of open war.

Dmitry V. Yefremenko

Diplomacy of Inequality and Imbalance

With the crisis of the globalist model that dominated over the past decades, the nexus between the internal and external is not disappearing, but changing, becoming more complex, and shaping the profound transformations of modern society as it seeks to balance security, freedom, and development.

Ivan A. Safranchuk

Trump and Erdoğan: Pragmatic Partnership and a New Architecture of Türkiye-U.S. Relations

The further evolution of Türkiye‑U.S. relations will depend on Washington and Ankara’s ability to reconcile their changed role prescriptions with their alliance’s institutional mechanisms and to consolidate political agreements.

Pavel V. Shlykov

What the Iturup Shock Means for Asia

The Russian President’s visit on 13 August to Iturup Island, which Japan regards as one of its Northern Territories, marked more than just a bifurcation point in Russia’s relations with Japan. It is entirely possible that future historians will date the emergence of a new geopolitical configuration in Asia from this very event.

Georgy D. Toloraya

Nuclear Weapons + AI: The Mathematics of Fatal Inevitability

AI’s possible integration into the nuclear arms sphere is not just another technical modernization but a fundamental challenge to the entire classical theory of deterrence. Previously, stability was based on reasonable actors’ fear of mutual destruction, but now we may entrust the fate of civilization to “digital roulette.”

Alexandr Ye. Malkov

Russian Arms Exports Before and After the Special Military Operation

The future of Russian arms exports hinges on the SMO’s course and conclusion. Clearly, the end of hostilities will lead to a reduction in state defense procurement, at least in certain sectors.

Andrei L. Frolov

The Persian Gulf: Seven More Lessons

A military campaign is easy to start; it is much more difficult to end—especially when initial goals remain unachieved. This is precisely the situation in which the U.S. found itself after it had failed to crush Iran with bombing.

Ivan N. Timofeev

Why China Frightens: Beyond the Realm of Western Political Forms

China is undoubtedly exotic and enigmatic. But it is by no means marginal. In any configuration of a multipolar world, whether desirable or undesirable, regardless of how many centers it will have, China will be one of them.

Svyatoslav I. Kaspe

The Disaster of Abandoning Socialism: North Korean Discourse on Perestroika and Post-Soviet Reform

In North Korean culture, the rhetoric of support for socialism and opposition to Perestroika is free of reference to economic issues.

Tatiana V. Gabroussenko

Russia’s Identity Formation in the Mirror of Trump’s America

Russia has a future without Trump and strategic partnership with the U.S.. Russian interests will be determined by the Russians themselves, based on long-term goals and without regard for other powers.

Andrei P. Tsygankov